🇬🇧 When Disaster Strikes: Lessons in Preparedness from Japan| 🇫🇷 Quand la catastrophe frappe : leçons de préparation depuis le Japon

Read in English…

Lire en français…

____

🇬🇧 When Disaster Strikes: Lessons in Preparedness from Japan

Every year on March 11, many people pause to remember the tragedy of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The disaster deeply affected the entire country and became one of the most important modern reminders of how powerful nature can be—and how essential preparation is.

This date also invites reflection on how different countries prepare their citizens for emergencies.

Some nations live with high natural risks but have limited training, weak infrastructure, or poor public awareness. Others have built a culture of preparedness that begins in childhood and continues throughout everyday life.

Italy, for example. It is a country exposed to earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanic activity. And yet, in practice, emergency education for ordinary citizens is extremely limited.

In schools, emergency drills are often little more than symbolic exercises. I remember never got a proper training as a student and only during the last year of high school the bell rings and whole classes messed together without even the register being walked outside like sheep in the yard. Stayed there…some students took the chance to smoke a cigarette, not one single teacher doing a proper training or explanation..and then back again, all messed together to the classrooms, with older students pushing younger ones up the stairs, and so on…

At the university I never saw a single training again, and I was there from 7am to 6pm.

Today, some schools continue with these “rush outside – all – together – now!” once a year—sometimes not even that—children are asked to leave their classrooms and walk outside into the school yard.

They can be at times lined up and taken out respecting an kind of order, still more or less with zero awareness of the importance of that missed opportunity, as almost nothing continues to be actually explained: no discussion of risks, no real instructions on how to react during a disaster, no training that would help them develop practical reflexes in an emergency situation.

The result is that many people grow up without ever learning what to do when a real emergency occurs.

The contrast with Japan is striking.

Japan is the country where life continues despite natural hazards do happen, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, and heavy rains. Rather than ignoring these risks though, Japanese society has gradually developed systems where preparedness is integrated into everyday life.

Emergency education begins early in schools. Drills are frequent and structured. Workplaces practice evacuation procedures. Public institutions communicate clear instructions to the population.

Media organisations such as NHK, the national public broadcaster, also play an important role in teaching citizens practical survival knowledge, from evacuation behaviour to simple but crucial details—such as the best type of footwear to wear during a flood.

Over nearly forty years of life spent between Italy and Japan—studying, working, travelling, and experiencing everyday life in both countries—I have observed these differences firsthand.

Preparedness in Japan is not only about infrastructure or advanced technologies.

It is something deeply embedded in institutions, habits, and everyday awareness.

Personal Memory from Italy: The 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake

Preparedness is much about knowing what to do during disasters—and it is also about experiencing firsthand the suddenness and power of nature.

I remember clearly the night of the recent L’Aquila earthquake in Italy.

I had just returned from a night out with work colleagues downtown in Rome. I was part of the activity team of an environmental NGO, and after dinner and casual chats, two colleagues had kindly driven me and another teammate home. After a shower, I was sitting on my bed, texting the others to make sure they had reached home safely.

Suddenly, my cat jumped from the bed and began running frantically. Moments later, a huge, deep boom echoed from behind the wall, and our tall, heavy old wardrobe started moving and swirling. I was the only one awake. I called my sister and parents to wake them, warning them that an earthquake was happening. They felt the trembling floors just as the shaking subsided, leaving us stunned.

It wasn’t until the next morning that the full scale of the disaster became clear—the city of L’Aquila had been devastated.

This experience brought home the fragility of life in countries without strong citizen training and preparedness systems. Unlike in Japan, where emergency drills, evacuation plans, and early-warning systems are part of daily life, in Italy disasters often hit with little practical warning.

Other Natural Hazards in Italy: A Continuing Reality

Italy’s geography and climate expose the country to multiple types of natural disasters. Earthquakes are only one part of the picture. Floods, landslides, and volcanic risks remain constant threats in several regions.

Recent events show how serious these dangers still are.

In 2023, the 2023 Emilia‑Romagna floods devastated large parts of northern Italy. After days of intense rainfall, twenty-three rivers overflowed, flooding more than forty towns and triggering hundreds of landslides. At least 17 people lost their lives and more than 50,000 residents were displaced as entire neighbourhoods were submerged in water and mud.

The region had barely begun recovering when another severe flood struck in 2024, again affecting areas such as Faenza and Ravenna. Heavy rainfall caused rivers like the Lamone to overflow once more, inundating towns that had only recently repaired homes and infrastructure after the previous disaster.

Landslides are also a recurring danger. In 2022, heavy rains triggered the Ischia landslide on the island of Ischia near Naples, destroying houses and killing twelve people as mud and debris swept through the town of Casamicciola Terme.

More recently, in 2026, another major landslide struck the Sicilian town of Niscemi, forcing the evacuation of more than a thousand residents after heavy rains destabilised the terrain and caused a large section of land to collapse.

These events highlight a broader reality: millions of people in Italy live in areas exposed to geological instability, with landslides becoming more frequent due to extreme rainfall and environmental pressures.

Flooding has also marked the history of central Italy, particularly in Florence, where the Arno River has repeatedly overflowed over the centuries.

One of the most dramatic events occurred during the 1966 Flood of Florence, when the Arno burst its banks after days of heavy rain. Water and mud flooded the historic centre, reaching several metres in height in some areas. Thousands of homes, churches, and libraries were damaged, and an enormous number of priceless artworks and manuscripts were destroyed or severely affected.

The disaster also mobilised an extraordinary international response. Volunteers from around the world travelled to Florence to help rescue damaged books and artworks from mud and water. They became known as the “Mud Angels”, a symbol of cultural solidarity and recovery.

Tuscany continues to face similar risks today. Heavy rainfall regularly causes flooding and landslides in several parts of the region, particularly in river valleys and hilly areas where soil instability can quickly turn storms into dangerous situations.

In recent years, intense storms have caused flooding and landslides in different areas of the Tuscan Apennines. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, increasing pressure on infrastructure and communities that must adapt to changing environmental conditions.

These recurring events highlight how central Italy, like many other parts of the country, remains vulnerable to hydrogeological risks, especially when heavy rainfall combines with fragile terrain and densely populated historic cities.

Beyond earthquakes and floods, Italy also faces major volcanic risks.

The city of Naples lies close to Mount Vesuvius, the volcano responsible for the destruction of Pompeii in 79 AD.

Nearby lies another even larger volcanic system: the Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields), a vast caldera with ongoing geological activity. Scientists closely monitor the area because millions of people live in its surroundings.

These examples show that natural hazards in Italy are not isolated events but part of a long and ongoing reality.

First Encounters with Japanese Emergency Preparedness

The first time I experienced a structured emergency procedure connected to Japan was actually outside Japan itself.

I used to visit the Japan Foundation library regularly. After completing a one-year intensive Japanese language program, it had become a weekly habit to spend time there reading and preparing my field research project .

One day, without warning, an emergency drill began.

The staff calmly guided everyone through the evacuation procedure. What impressed me most was how routine and natural the entire process felt. There was no confusion, no panic. Everyone knew exactly what to do.

What struck me even more was the realisation that Japanese institutions maintain these practices even abroad. Preparedness is not limited to Japan itself; it is treated as part of institutional culture.

A Personal Memory from Japan After the 2011 Disaster

I travelled to Japan for my first research stay one year after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Even in Tokyo, far from the areas most directly devastated, the effects were still visible.

The city was darker at night because electricity consumption was still being reduced nationwide. Some supermarket shelves remained empty due to supply disruptions. Recovery was ongoing, and many communities were still dealing with the consequences of the disaster, yet streets and public transports were fully operational and functioning regularly – the only discomfort was reduced light at night in public spaces, and train speed.

Yet what impressed me most was not the difficulty.

It was the attitude of the people.

While travelling Tokyo, and south toward Kyoto, I encountered constant acts of kindness.

Even the train arrived at the stop of a small town festival (matsuri), someone offered me a traditional paper fan. From another market, a vendor insisted I take a tea sample.

On a train, an elderly man travelling with children smiled and told me:

“The matsuri was beautiful! Next year you have to come to our matsuri!”

The children laughed and proudly showed me their festival fans and summer dresses.

Despite the trauma that still lingered in the country, people seemed determined to move forward with energy, generosity, and love for life..towards an even more welcoming attitude towards visitors and foreigners.

It was a form of resilience that went beyond infrastructure or technology. It was something deeply human.

Practical Lessons in Disaster Preparedness

Below are some practices and insights I have observed over the years, along with useful information shared by NHK. There are plenty of official apps from both the government and national media to receive updates and support during crisis. Please refer to official sites for updated versions and instructions.

1. Preparedness Begins Before the Disaster

In Japan, disaster education begins in childhood.

Students regularly participate in evacuation drills and learn:

how to react during earthquakes

how to evacuate safely

where emergency shelters are located

how to use emergency supplies

Preparedness is treated as basic civic knowledge.

2. Emergency Kits Are Essential

Japanese households are encouraged to maintain emergency kits designed to sustain a person for at least 72 hours.

Typical kits include:

bottled water

preserved food

flashlight

batteries

portable radio

first aid supplies

hygiene products

copies of important documents

The principle is simple: be able to survive independently until rescue arrives.

3. Unexpected Lessons: Avoid Boots During Floods

One practical lesson I recently learned through educational programs from NHK surprised me.

During floods, boots can actually become dangerous.

They fill quickly with water, become extremely heavy, and significantly reduce mobility. In moving water this can make it much harder to walk or escape.

Instead, experts recommend wearing:

trainers

lightweight shoes

footwear made from quick-drying materials

Mobility is essential during evacuation.

4. Technology Can Support Survival

Japan also integrates disaster preparedness into everyday infrastructure.

A fascinating example is vending machines.

In many areas of Japan, certain vending machines are designed so that during emergencies a special section unlocks, providing free access to:

drinking water

emergency supplies

basic hygiene items

first aid materials

This simple idea turns a familiar object of daily life into a community survival resource.

5. Save Yourself First

One principle sometimes feels counterintuitive but is strongly emphasised in emergency training:

Save yourself first.

Attempting to rescue others without training can increase the number of victims.

Rescue operations require coordination and equipment. If you are injured while trying to help someone, both of you may end up in danger.

Professionally trained emergency teams exist precisely for these situations.

Your priority is to reach safety and regroup with others.

6. If You Are Near the Sea During an Earthquake

If an earthquake occurs while you are near the coast, tsunami risk becomes a critical concern.

A widely taught rule in Japan is:

Move to the highest possible level immediately.

If you are inside a building, head toward the upper floors or rooftop terrace.

During the Great East Japan Earthquake, one famous example demonstrated this perfectly. A group of people quickly reached the roof of their building and waited there for rescue. When the tsunami waves arrived, the lower floors were completely destroyed, but the people on the rooftop survived.

Their survival became a powerful example of practices that are not only taught—but deeply embedded in public awareness.

7. Learn Basic Emergency Phrases in the Local Language

When travelling abroad, it can be extremely useful to learn a few emergency expressions in the local language.

Emergency Sentences in Japanese

When travelling abroad, learning a few emergency expressions in the local language can make a real difference. Here are some basic phrases in Japanese that may help in critical situations.

(Useful expressions to know during disasters or emergencies)

These few sentences can make an enormous difference if you ever need assistance.

Final Reflection: Preparedness in an Age of Climate Change 『Why Prevention Matters』

Preparedness is not about living in fear.

Natural disasters cannot always be prevented.

However, their impact can be significantly reduced through preparation, education, and investments in the right sectors….avoiding waste.

Effective systems require:

strong public education

community drills and training

accessible information

investment in science and technology

infrastructure designed for resilience

Japan demonstrates that preparedness is not only a technical issue.

It is also a cultural value shared by society.

It is about respecting the forces of nature while protecting human life.

The kindness I witnessed in Japan one year after the disaster—people sharing tea, children offering festival fans, strangers smiling on trains—revealed something profound.

Even after tragedy, resilience can flourish when a society combines knowledge, organisation, and solidarity with kindness.

Disaster preparedness ultimately teaches us one essential truth:

survival is not only about infrastructure—it is also about community.

It is about recognising reality and respecting the forces of nature while protecting human life.

The lessons that societies like Japan have developed over decades are becoming increasingly relevant for many other countries today.

Climate change is already intensifying extreme weather events around the world: stronger storms, heavier rainfall, more frequent flooding, heat waves, and environmental instability. Many places that previously considered disasters as far or rare events are now forced to confront them and even quite regularly.

For this reason, emergency preparedness should no longer be seen as a concern limited to and for certain regions. It is becoming one of the real societal challenges of this decade.

Education, prevention, and investment in scientific research and resilient infrastructure will be essential if societies want to minimise the human and economic cost of future disasters.

The memory of events like the Great East Japan Earthquake reminds us that recovery is possible—but it also shows how crucial preparation is before disaster strikes.

In the end, resilience is built through knowledge, organisation, and solidarity.

And perhaps most importantly, through the simple awareness that protecting life begins long before the emergency itself.

Conclusion: The importance of recognising danger

Prevention is not only a matter of technology or emergency response systems. It is also, and perhaps above all, a matter of culture and awareness.

Countries that invest in disaster education, scientific research, and infrastructure demonstrate that risks can be reduced when people understand the importance of preparation. Training citizens, informing communities, and building resilient systems are all essential steps in minimising the impact of natural hazards.

However, another factor plays a crucial role: the ability to recognise danger when it appears.

In Italy, one of the most serious problems is often the lack of collective awareness regarding the early signs of a whatever risk.

Whether we speak about natural disasters or about gender-based violence, a similar pattern can often be observed: warning signs are underestimated, the possibility of escalation is overlooked, and the danger is normalised until it becomes impossible to ignore.

This failure to recognise and respond to risk in its early stages -when it is more possible to have effective outcomes- frequently becomes one of the major underlying causes of tragedy.

Learning to identify danger, to speak openly about it, and to respond collectively and responsibly is therefore not only a matter of emergency management.

It is a cultural challenge that societies must face if they wish to protect lives in the future.

In an era where climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme events, improving prevention, education, and risk awareness must become one of the real emergencies of this decade.

___

🇫🇷 Quand la catastrophe frappe : leçons de préparation venues du Japon

Chaque année, le 11 mars, de nombreuses personnes s’arrêtent pour se souvenir de la tragédie du Grand tremblement de terre de l’Est du Japon. Cette catastrophe a profondément marqué tout le pays et reste l’un des rappels les plus importants de la puissance de la nature — et de l’importance vitale de la préparation.

Cette date invite également à réfléchir sur la manière dont différents pays préparent leurs citoyens aux situations d’urgence.

Certaines nations vivent avec des risques naturels élevés, mais disposent d’une formation limitée, d’infrastructures faibles ou d’une sensibilisation du public insuffisante. D’autres ont construit une culture de la préparation qui commence dès l’enfance et se poursuit tout au long de la vie quotidienne.

L’Italie, par exemple. Le pays est exposé aux tremblements de terre, aux inondations, aux glissements de terrain et aux activités volcaniques. Et pourtant, en pratique, l’éducation à la sécurité civile pour les citoyens ordinaires est extrêmement limitée.

Dans les écoles, les exercices d’évacuation ne sont souvent que symboliques. Je me souviens de n’avoir jamais reçu de véritable formation en tant qu’élève. Ce n’est que durant ma dernière année de lycée que la sonnerie a retenti et que toute la classe a été regroupée et sortie dans la cour, sans même qu’un registre ne soit vérifié. Certains élèves en ont profité pour fumer une cigarette, et aucun enseignant n’a donné de formation ou d’explication appropriée. Puis, retour en classe, tous entassés, les élèves plus âgés poussant les plus jeunes dans les escaliers, et ainsi de suite…

À l’université, je n’ai jamais vu un seul exercice de formation, alors que j’y étais de 7h à 18h.

Aujourd’hui, certaines écoles continuent ces exercices “tous dehors en même temps” une fois par an — parfois même pas cela. Les enfants sont simplement invités à sortir dans la cour. Parfois, ils sont alignés et encadrés, mais il n’y a pratiquement aucune explication sur les risques, aucune instruction réelle sur la réaction à adopter en cas de catastrophe, aucun apprentissage permettant de développer des réflexes pratiques en situation d’urgence.

Le résultat est que beaucoup grandissent sans jamais apprendre ce qu’il faut faire en cas de véritable urgence.

Le contraste avec le Japon est frappant.

Le Japon est un pays où la vie continue malgré les risques naturels : tremblements de terre, tsunamis, typhons et fortes pluies. Mais au lieu d’ignorer ces dangers, la société japonaise a progressivement développé des systèmes où la préparation fait partie intégrante de la vie quotidienne.

L’éducation à la sécurité commence dès l’école primaire. Les exercices sont fréquents et structurés. Les entreprises pratiquent des procédures d’évacuation. Les institutions publiques diffusent des instructions claires à la population.

Les médias, tels que NHK, la chaîne publique nationale, jouent également un rôle important en enseignant aux citoyens des connaissances pratiques de survie, depuis le comportement à adopter lors d’une évacuation jusqu’aux détails essentiels — comme le type de chaussures à privilégier lors d’une inondation.

Au cours de mes près de quarante années passées entre l’Italie et le Japon — études, travail, voyages et vie quotidienne — j’ai pu observer ces différences de première main.

La préparation au Japon ne se limite pas à l’infrastructure ou aux technologies avancées.

Elle est profondément ancrée dans les institutions, les habitudes et la conscience quotidienne.

Souvenir personnel d’Italie : le tremblement de terre de L’Aquila en 2009

La préparation consiste autant à savoir quoi faire qu’à vivre en direct la soudaineté et la puissance de la nature.

Je me souviens parfaitement de la nuit du tremblement de terre à L’Aquila.

Je venais de rentrer d’une sortie avec des collègues du travail à Rome. Je faisais partie de l’équipe d’animation d’une ONG environnementale. Après le dîner et les discussions, deux collègues m’avaient gentiment raccompagnée, moi et une autre collègue, chez moi. Après une douche, j’étais assise sur mon lit, envoyant des messages aux autres pour m’assurer qu’ils étaient bien rentrés.

Soudain, mon chat a sauté du lit et a commencé à courir partout de manière frénétique. Quelques minutes plus tard, un énorme boom profond a retenti derrière le mur, et notre vieille armoire haute et lourde a commencé à se déplacer et à tourbillonner. J’étais la seule réveillée. J’ai appelé ma sœur et mes parents pour les prévenir : un tremblement de terre avait lieu. Ils ont senti le sol trembler juste au moment où les secousses se sont calmées, nous laissant stupéfaits.

Ce n’est que le lendemain matin que l’ampleur de la catastrophe est devenue claire : la ville de L’Aquila avait été dévastée.

Cette expérience m’a fait prendre conscience de la fragilité de la vie dans les pays où les citoyens ne sont pas formés et préparés. Contrairement au Japon, où exercices d’évacuation, plans et systèmes d’alerte précoce font partie de la vie quotidienne, en Italie, les catastrophes frappent souvent sans avertissement pratique.

Autres risques naturels en Italie : une réalité continue

La géographie et le climat de l’Italie exposent le pays à de nombreux types de catastrophes naturelles. Les tremblements de terre ne sont qu’une partie du problème. Inondations, glissements de terrain et risques volcaniques représentent des menaces constantes dans plusieurs régions.

Exemples récents

Inondations en Émilie-Romagne (2023) : après plusieurs jours de pluie intense, 23 rivières ont débordé, inondant plus de quarante villes et déclenchant des centaines de glissements de terrain. Au moins 17 personnes ont perdu la vie et plus de 50 000 résidents ont été déplacés.

Nouvelle inondation (2024) : les rivières, comme le Lamone, ont de nouveau débordé, affectant des zones récemment réparées après les inondations précédentes.

Glissement de terrain à Ischia (2022) : la pluie a provoqué un glissement de terrain qui a détruit des maisons et tué douze personnes.

Glissement de terrain à Niscemi (2026) : plus de 1 000 habitants ont été évacués après l’effondrement d’une portion de terrain instable.

Ces événements montrent que des millions de personnes vivent dans des zones exposées à l’instabilité géologique, avec des glissements de terrain devenant plus fréquents à cause des pluies extrêmes et des pressions environnementales.

Florence et la Toscane

Les inondations ont également marqué l’histoire du centre de l’Italie, particulièrement à Florence, où l’Arno a régulièrement débordé.

Inondation de Florence (1966) : l’Arno a rompu ses digues après plusieurs jours de pluie. Des mètres d’eau et de boue ont envahi le centre historique. Des milliers de maisons, églises et bibliothèques ont été endommagées, et un nombre incalculable d’œuvres et manuscrits précieux ont été détruits ou gravement affectés.

Les “Anges de la Boue” : des volontaires du monde entier sont venus aider à sauver les livres et œuvres touchés, symbole de solidarité culturelle et de reconstruction.

La Toscane reste vulnérable aujourd’hui : pluies intenses provoquent régulièrement inondations et glissements dans les vallées et zones montagneuses. Les événements extrêmes se multiplient, mettant à l’épreuve infrastructures et communautés.

Risques volcaniques

Au-delà des tremblements de terre et inondations, l’Italie fait face à de grands risques volcaniques.

Naples : proche du Vésuve, responsable de la destruction de Pompéi en 79 ap. J.-C.

Campi Flegrei : vaste caldeira active, surveillée de près en raison de la population dense alentour.

Ces exemples montrent que les catastrophes naturelles en Italie ne sont ni isolées ni exceptionnelles, mais font partie d’une réalité historique et actuelle.

Premiers contacts avec la préparation japonaise

La première fois que j’ai expérimenté une procédure d’urgence japonaise structurée fut en dehors du Japon.

Je fréquentais régulièrement la bibliothèque de la Japan Foundation après une année intensive d’études de la langue japonaise.

Un jour, sans avertissement, un exercice d’évacuation a commencé.

Le personnel a guidé calmement chacun à travers la procédure. Tout le monde savait exactement quoi faire. Aucune panique, aucune confusion.

Ce qui m’a frappé encore plus, c’est de constater que les institutions japonaises maintiennent ces pratiques même à l’étranger. La préparation est traitée comme une culture institutionnelle, pas seulement comme une mesure ponctuelle.

Souvenir personnel du Japon après le séisme de 2011

Je me suis rendue au Japon pour mon premier séjour de recherche un an après le Grand tremblement de terre de l’Est du Japon.

Même à Tokyo, loin des zones les plus touchées, les effets étaient visibles : moins de lumière la nuit, rayons de supermarché vides, perturbations de la vie quotidienne.

Mais ce qui m’a le plus impressionnée, ce n’était pas la difficulté : c’était l’attitude des gens.

Un petit village, un festival (matsuri) : on m’offre un éventail traditionnel.

Sur un marché : un vendeur insiste pour que je prenne un échantillon de thé.

Dans un train, un vieil homme avec des enfants me sourit :

« Le matsuri était magnifique ! L’année prochaine, vous devez venir à notre matsuri ! »

Les enfants riaient et me montraient fièrement leurs éventails et vêtements de festival.

Malgré le traumatisme encore présent, les gens étaient déterminés à avancer avec énergie, générosité et amour de la vie.

Leçons pratiques de préparation aux catastrophes

La préparation commence avant la catastrophe:

Éducation à la sécurité dès l’enfance

Exercices réguliers, refuges connus, utilisation des kits de secours

Les kits d’urgence sont essentiels

Eau, nourriture, lampe, radio, premiers secours, documents importants

Principe : survivre de manière autonome 72 heures

Leçons inattendues : éviter les bottes lors d’inondations

Elles se remplissent d’eau et réduisent la mobilité

Préférer chaussures légères et à séchage rapide

La technologie soutient la survie

Certaines distributeurs automatiques débloquent en urgence eau, fournitures et produits d’hygiène gratuitement

Se sauver d’abord

Tenter de sauver quelqu’un sans formation peut être dangereux

L’objectif : atteindre un lieu sûr et se regrouper

Proximité de la mer pendant un tremblement de terre

Se diriger vers les niveaux supérieurs du bâtiment

Exemples concrets lors du Grand tremblement de 2011 : les personnes arrivés sur le toit ont survécu aux vagues des tsunamis

Apprendre des phrases d’urgence locales

Exemples japonais :

助けてください (Tasukete kudasai) – Aidez-moi !

火事です (Kaji desu) – Au feu !

地震です (Jishin desu) – Tremblement de terre !

Réflexion finale : la préparation à l’ère du changement climatique

La préparation ne consiste pas à vivre dans la peur.

Les catastrophes naturelles ne peuvent pas toujours être évitées, mais leur impact peut être réduit grâce à la préparation, l’éducation et les investissements adaptés.

Le Japon montre que la préparation est aussi une valeur culturelle, fondée sur le respect de la nature et la protection de la vie humaine.

La gentillesse observée après le séisme — partager du thé, offrir des éventails — révèle que la résilience se construit par la connaissance, l’organisation et la solidarité.

Conclusion : l’importance de reconnaître le danger

La prévention n’est pas seulement une question de technologie ou de systèmes d’urgence. C’est avant tout une question de culture et de conscience.

Dans beaucoup de pays, et particulièrement en Italie, un des problèmes majeurs est le manque de reconnaissance précoce du danger.

Qu’il s’agisse de catastrophes naturelles ou de violences basées sur le genre, les signes d’alerte sont souvent sous-estimés, la possibilité d’escalade négligée, et le danger normalisé jusqu’à ce qu’il devienne impossible à ignorer.

Ce défaut de perception est une cause majeure de tragédies évitables.

À l’ère du changement climatique, où les événements extrêmes se multiplient et s’intensifient, l’éducation, la prévention et la conscience du risque doivent devenir l’une des véritables urgences de cette décennie.